Biology

Subject matter: 1. Wilderness and natural environments, and wilderness diseases 2. Wilderness management 3. Applied biology 4. Over-exploitation 5. Genetic erosion, Genetic pollution 6. Conservation ethics 7. Habitat fragmentation 8. Conservation genetics 9. Conservation movement 10. IUCN Red List 11. Biodiversity 12. Holocene extinctions and extinctions 13. Water conservation, ex-situ, in-situ and mutualism 14. Lukang gene 15. Bird observatory 16. Perlindungan lingkungan 17. Regional Red List, and Threatened species 18. Latent extinction risk 19. Silviculture 20. Society for Conservation Biology 21. Renewable natural resources 22. Wild Salmon Center, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, World Forestry Congress

Subject matter : 1. Definition of Biodiversity 2. Conservation of Living Natural Resources 3. The Importance of Genetic Preservation of Living Natural Resources 4. Theoretical Basis and Methods of Cryopreservation 5. Faktor-Faktor Yang Dapat Merusak Pembawa Materi Genetik Selama Penyimpanannya Dengan Teknik Kriopreservasi 6. Efforts to Minimize Damage to Genetic Material 7. Preservasi Genetik Sumberdaya Alam Hayati (Dengan Teknik Kriopreservasi) 8. Ethnobotany 9. Arboretum Design Planning

Subject matter: 1. Enzyme structure and function 2. Types and classification of enzymes 3. Principle of enzyme action 4. Effect of several parameters on enzymes 5. Enzyme inhibitors 6. Co-enzymes (definition, mechanism of action, types and function) 7. Mineral replacement co-factor 8. Allosteric enzyme 9. Regulation through phosphorylation 10. Regulation through degradation 11. Regulation by feedback

Subject matter: 1. Structure and function of organelles in cells 2. Types of biomolecules 3. Structure and types of proteins 4. Protein formation 5. DNA Composition 6. Genes and Genomes 7. DNA Replication 8. Transcription process 9. Translational process 10. Modification of mRNA 11. Definition of Mutation 12. Genetic function and structure of mitochondria 13. Autosomal dominant/recessive molecular diseases, X- linked, and multi-factor 14. Polymarase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method 15. Types of rectraction enzymes

Subject matter : 1. Definition of sample and population 2. Sample type 3. How to determine the sample size 4. Definition of data and types of data 5. Dependent and independent variables 6. Controlled variable 7. Descriptive statistics and Hypothesis statistics 8. Hypothesis test for comparison of numerical variables in two groups paired and unpaired 9. Hypothesis test for comparison of numerical variables over two groups of paired data 10. Hypothesis test for comparison of numerical variables over two groups of unpaired data 11. Hypothesis test for comparison of categorical variables in two groups paired and unpaired 12. Hypothesis test for comparison of categorical variables over two paired and unpaired data groups 13. Parametric and non-parametric tests 14. simple and multiple linear regression analysis 15. logistic regression analysis 16. parametric and non-parametric correlation tests

Subject matter: 1. Sumber-sumber mikroba pada makanan. 2. Extrinsic and intrinsic parameters causing spoilage food 3. Food-contaminating fungi. 4. Food-contaminating yeast. 5. Fruit and vegetable spoilage. 6. Damage to meat and its products. 7. Damage to fish and other marine products. 8. Damage to poultry meat. 9. Damage to various foods and food ingredients. 10. Microbial examination. 11. General principles of food preservation. 12. Food preservation with chemicals. 13. Low temperature food preservation. 14. High temperature preservation of food. 15. The principle of food preservation by drying. 16. Principles of food preservation by radiation 17. Types and varieties of fermented foods 18. Indikator keamanan pangan & food quality supervision 19. Foodborne diseases 20. Food poisoning

Subject matter: 1. Microbial Ecosystem Diversity. 2. Overview of Environmental Microbiology 3. Air and Soil Microbiology 4. Aquatic Microbiology and Extreme Environments 5. Element Cycles in Nature 6. The Role of Microbes in Agriculture 7. Water Quality 8. Epidemiology 9. Public Health 10. Waste Handling 11. Bioremediation 12. Biotechnology in Environmental Microbiology

Subject matter: 1. Definition of tropical forest ecosystem. 2. Population Ecology and Community Ecology. 3. Structure and Function of Tropical Forest Ecosystems. 4. Measurement methods and techniques. 5. Tropical forest ecosystem types. 6. Carbon balance in trees and forest ecosystems tropical forest ecosystems. 7. Periodicity and tropical populations. 8. The role of environmental factors in tropical communities. 9. Tree growth. 10. Ecology of natural regeneration. tropical forests. 11. Classification of tropical forest trees.

Subject matter: 1. Introduction 2. Scope of aquatic ecology 3. Lotic water type 4. Lentic water type 5. Ocean waters 6. River ecosystem 7. Lake, swamp, pond, reservoir and marsh ecosystems 8. Physico-chemical factors of water 9. Biological factors 10. Lake carrying capacity

Subject matter: 1. Explain concisely and correctly the definition of fish stock. 2. Explain the criteria for the difference (can be assisted with schematics or pictures) between mono-species stocks and multi-species stocks or pictures) between mono-species stocks and multi-species stocks. species stock. 3. List two important keywords related to the fish stock discussion. 4. List two important and fundamental reasons for separation of fish stocks. 5. Explain concisely the definition of capture fisheries management. capture fisheries management and mention the measurement tools (measures) of capture fisheries management. 6. State the main reasoning in a concise manner about the importance of knowledge and skills (concise) about the importance of knowledge and skills in quantitative quantitative fish stock analysis in relation to capture fisheries management. 7. Menyebutkan minimal 5 parameter penting (shared trait) yang yang sering digunakan sebagai penciri dari stok ikan. 8. Menjelaskan kelemahan dan kelebihan “faktor kondisi allomteris” sebagai identifier dari stok ikan. 9. Conduct quantitative analysis (analysis of variance) to test for differences/similarities in fish stocks from two or more different geographic areas. two or more different geographic areas

Subject matter: 1. Cell membrane activity 2. Neuronal activity and neural coordination 3. Hormonal Communication 4. Distribution 5. Respiration 6. Defamation 7. Environmental Regulation In 8. Reception of information and sensations arising 9. Absorption and Water Loss Process, 10. Nutrition, 11. Metabolism that includes photosynthesis 12. N, P and S Metabolism and Respiration 13. Assimilate Translocation 14. Enzymes and 15. Hormone, 16. Growth and Development and Seed Physiology.

Subject matter: 1. History and development of animal cell and tissue culture, 2. Covers the simplest discoveries and methods that have ever been Performed in Animal Cell Culture. 3. Use of necessary equipment in the laboratory Animal Cell Culture, 4. How Cells Can Live Under In Vitro Conditions, 5. Primary Culture, 6. Cell Source And, 7. How to Care, Cell Line and How to Care. 8. Methods Developed and Their Application in Propagation 9. Secondary Metabolite Production, 10. Fundamental Research in Tissue Culture (Kjt). 11. Understanding and Importance of Plant Tissue Culture, 12. Benefits, 13. Medium in Tissue Culture, 14. Types of Cultures, 15. Organogenesis and 16. Embriogenesis Somatik. 17. Secondary Metabollites and their Biosynthesis Explained Biosynthesis Using the Culture Method Tissue. 18. Plant Propagation Methods Through Organogenesis or Somatic Embryogenesis for Plants Certain plants that are useful in the fields of agriculture, pharmacy, and Plantation.

Subject matter: 1. Photographing microscopic objects (samples) 2. Preparation of fresh preparations of plant tissues 3. Preparation of fresh preparations of stomata and trichomes 4. Preparation method for observation with light microscope 5. Electron microscope and fluorescent microscope. 6. and introduced the working principle of SEM electron microscope 7. TEM and 8. Microscope fluoresens.

Subject matter : 1. Introduction to the philosophy of science Limitations of empirical observation according to the field of science, Empirical methods in science, Introduction to science methods 2. Critical thinking in science, Theory and application of the science mindset, Central components of the science method as a critical thinking pattern 3. Using empirical evidence, Learning to think logically, Epistemology, Formal logic 4. Knowledge, science and science 5. Experiential rules in science, verification principle in empiricism empiricism 6. Integration of empirical with rationalism 7. Metode empirik sain melalui pemetaan empirik 8. Three assumptions of causality, Aristotle's model causality, true causality and chance 9. Causality in science, Causality in medicine 10. Inductive approach to scientific method, induction from the aspect of logic, induction in empirical science 11. Resoning and arguments 12. General understanding of premises, Difference between arguments and non-argument statements 13. Multiple conclusions on long-statement chain arguments categorical 14. Levels of reasoning, Deductive reasoning process 15. Syllogisms as the basis of logic, first-form syllogisms and categorical 16. Major and minor premises, Five rules that determine the validity of categorical syllogism 17. Necessary and sufficient causality, causality and conditionality, probabilistic causality in human research 18. Gold standard of causality in human research

Subject Matter : 1. Colloquium is a means for students to present the thesis research plan that has been consulted with the supervisory commission. 2. The colloquium is held in front of students, lecturers supervisor, and course instructor. 3. The final result of the colloquium was a research proposal that was ready to be used as a reference in conducting thesis research.

Subject matter: 1. Microbial Physiology and Metabolism course 2. Physiological processes that include growth and control. 3. Metabolism. 4. Metabolic diversity. 5. Adaptation of microorganisms to their environment. Cell growth measurement. 6. Studying the subcellular structure of microbial cell differentiation. 7. Microbial adaptations to their environment. 8. Carbohydrate metabolism and energy production. 9. Nitrogen metabolism. 10. Amino acid metabolism. 11. Nucleic acid metabolism. 12. Lipid metabolism. 13. Metabolic diversity includes fermentation and photosynthesis performed by microbes.

Subject matter : 1. Scope of Biological Control and basic concepts predatorism 2. Parasitism and antibiosis that are utilized to increase the productivity of biological resources (SDH). 3. Biological control basics, 4. Advantages and disadvantages 5. Prospects for application of biological control of control agents in the form of microbes (fungi, bacteria and viruses), arthropods (insects and mites) and vertebrates (Rana sp, etc.). (insects and mites) and Vertebrates (Rana sp, etc), 6. Examples of propagation techniques for microbial control agents (fungi, bacteria and viruses), Arthropods (insects and mites) and Vertebrates (rana sp, etc.), 7. How to calculate the predation and occupation power of control agents 8. How to release in the field

Subject matter: 1. Benefits of bioremediation; environmental field (aquatic and terrestrial), industrial field, economic field, and terrestrial field. terrestrial), industry, economy, and education. education 2. Classification of pollutants based on their source 3. Classification of pollutants based on their ability to degrade in the environment 4. Easily degradable pollutants 5. Pollutants that are difficult to degrade 6. Heavy metal hazardous waste 7. Hazardous waste of hydrocarbon compounds 8. Hazardous waste of xenobiotic compounds (pesticides and herbicides) 9. Bioremediation with plants (Phytoremediation), microorganisms (Microremediation) 10. Combination of phytoremediation with microremediation 11. Bioremediation with animals, in-situ and ex-situ. 12. Bioaccumulation/itoaccumulation, Biotransformation, Phytostabilization, Phytovolatilization 13. Advantages and benefits of the bioremediation process 14. Groups of microorganisms that have potential as agents bioremediation of heavy metals/pollutants 15. Bioremediation with organic compost/fertilizer 16. The ability of microorganisms to neutralize metals heavy metals/pollutants 17. Biodegradation of heavy metals/pollutants by microorganisms 18. Group of aquatic plants with potential as hyperaccumulator of heavy metals/pollutants 19. The advantages of bioremediation using aquatic plants 20. Strategies that aquatic plants use to neutralize heavy metals heavy metals/dye/other pollutants 21. Biodegradation of heavy metals/dye/pollutants by aquatic plants 22. Land plant groups with potential as plants hyperaccumulator of heavy metals/pollutants 23. Advantages of bioremediation using land plants land 24. Strategies that land plants use to neutralize heavy metals/other pollutants 25. Biodegradation of heavy metals/pollutants by plants land 26. Group of organisms capable of degrading organic 27. Organic pollutant compounds that can potentially be bioremediation 28. Biodegradation of organic compound pollutants 29. Determination of pollutants/contaminants to be remediated 30. Selection of species of organisms that have potential as agents bioremediation 31. Examples of bioremediation experiments for the environment aquatic and soil environments 32. Studying and applying bioremediation methods in aquatic environment (water), soil and with microorganisms

Subject matter: 1. Discusses the concept of Ecological Risk Analysis (ERA) which has been began to be recognized in Indonesia since 2001, initiated by initiated by PT Freeport Indonesia (definition, history, objectives, differences with AMDAL; Discuss the ERA planning process (from identification of staff/expertise to the final ERA product). 2. Discussing screening assessment (explanation of the purpose and components of screening assessment). 3. Discusses preminilary quantitative ERA (characterization of receptors, exposures, hazards, risk characterization, outputs). receptor, exposure, hazard, risk characterization, output). 4. membahas ERA Kuantitatif secara rinci (komponen reseptor/ paparan/ bahaya/ risiko/ keluaran). 5. Discusses how ecology relates to other sciences. 6. Ecosystem principles and concepts. 7. Ecosystem structure and function, population ecology and community ecology 8. Classification of macro ecosystems in Indonesia. 9. Natural resource ecology, pollution and pollution environment. 10. Community measurement methods and techniques. 11. Cultural ecology model and local wisdom. 12. Komodisti base resource management. 13. Ecological perspectives for community empowerment. 14. Political ecology and political economy. 15. The ecological concepts in question, then used as a basic framework perspective for management of natural resources and the environment.

Subject matter : 1. Definition according to experts 2. Development history 3. Geographic Information System Components 4. Hardware 5. Software 6. Software for Data 7. software for Humans 8. Software for Methods 9. Four Scopes of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 10. Five benefits of GIS in various fields 11. Land use management 12. Natural resource inventory 13. For surveillance of natural disaster areas 14. For Urban and Regional planning

Subject matter: 1. Cells and molecules in innate immunity 2. Mechanism of inflammation 3. Acquired immunity 4. Hematopoetic system 5. Lymphocyte formation and selection 6. Cytokines for lymphocyte proliferation and maturation 7. Activation of lymphocytes through their receptor interaction 8. Peran MHC 9. APC 10. Cytotoxic CD8-T cell 11. Inflamatory CD4-T cell 12. Helper CD4-T cell 13. Antibody Molecule 14. Immune system failure 15. Hypersensitivity 16. Autoimmune

Subject matter: 1. Apply the basic concepts of chemistry, especially organic and Biochemistry to understand the chemistry of natural materials, especially secondary plant products. 2. Recognize the types of compounds produced in plants and the basics of grouping compounds of natural materials. natural compounds, their properties, structure and benefits. 3. Learn the general properties of the compounds encountered, the methods methods used for handling them. 4. Studying Biochemistry linkages in the aspects of biosynthesis and compound preservation. 5. Studying, measuring and designing their utilization as biologically active compounds. 6. Able to apply the principles of analysis and isolation methods, identification in handling natural materials. 7. Be Able to understand the simple mechanism of formation of compounds through the biosynthesis pathway and recognize the precursor compounds and products produced, as well as the pathway of exception formation of irregular compounds. 8. Acquainted with cutting-edge knowledge of research developments biological activity of natural compounds and their utilization.

Subject matter : 1. Seminar is the presentation of research results (thesis or dissertation) in a scientific forum. dissertation) in a scientific forum Master of Biology - Postgraduate Postgraduate to disseminate research results 2. Both in writing and orally. 3. Absorb input from the forum for thesis improvement. 4. Add scientific insight, and improve competence scientific communication. 5. Provides how to write various scientific papers that including writing project proposals and reports. 6. This includes the way the data is delivered and presented. 7. Making slides and transparencies 8. Computer usage with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Viewer

Subject matter : 1. Implementation of Research in accordance with the proposal that has been approved 2. Write the results in the form of a thesis 3. Write research results in the form of manuscript publications scientific publication